Smart Contracts

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Imagine you're setting up a top-notch system for people to invest, or "stake," their digital currency, kind of like putting money in a savings account to earn interest. To make this happen, you'd need a bunch of computer programs, which we call smart contracts, to work together seamlessly. These smart contracts are the brains of the operation, ensuring everything runs smoothly, securely, and is easy for users to navigate.

Let's break down the four main smart contracts that would be the pillars of this system. Each one has a special role:

1. The first one is like the welcoming committee—it's where users come to stake their digital coins. It's designed to be straightforward and hassle-free, so people can start earning rewards without a headache.

2. The second smart contract is like the payroll department. It's responsible for calculating and handing out rewards to everyone who's invested their coins. It makes sure everyone gets their fair share based on how much they've put in.

3. The third one is the decision-maker of the group. It's all about governance, which means it lets people who have a stake in the system have a say in how things are run. It's like having a vote in a very democratic financial system.

4. Lastly, the fourth smart contract is like the security guard. It's there to protect the system and everyone's investments from any digital threats or mishaps.

By combining these four smart contracts, the goal is to create a staking system that's not just powerful and reliable, but also one that people can trust and find easy to use.

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Staking Contract: UniAPTStakeWelcomer

This contract allows users to stake $UAPT tokens, initiating their journey in the UniAPT ecosystem with a clear and concise interface.

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

interface IERC20 {
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
}

contract UniAPTStakeWelcomer {
    IERC20 public uniAPTToken;
    mapping(address => uint256) public userStakes;
    mapping(address => uint256) public stakingStartTimes;

    event Staked(address indexed user, uint256 amount);
    event Unstaked(address indexed user, uint256 amount, uint256 reward);

    constructor(address _uniAPTTokenAddress) {
        uniAPTToken = IERC20(_uniAPTTokenAddress);
    }

    function stakeTokens(uint256 _amount) external {
        require(_amount > 0, "Amount must be greater than 0");
        require(uniAPTToken.transferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount), "Transfer failed");

        // Record the stake
        userStakes[msg.sender] += _amount;
        stakingStartTimes[msg.sender] = block.timestamp;

        emit Staked(msg.sender, _amount);
    }

    // A simplified function to unstake tokens and collect rewards
    // Note: Implement reward calculation based on your system's parameters
    function unstakeTokens() external {
        uint256 stakeAmount = userStakes[msg.sender];
        require(stakeAmount > 0, "You have no stake to withdraw");

        // Calculate rewards (placeholder logic)
        uint256 reward = calculateReward(msg.sender);

        // Reset the user's stake
        userStakes[msg.sender] = 0;
        stakingStartTimes[msg.sender] = 0;

        // Transfer the original stake and rewards back to the user
        require(uniAPTToken.transfer(msg.sender, stakeAmount + reward), "Transfer failed");

        emit Unstaked(msg.sender, stakeAmount, reward);
    }

    function calculateReward(address _user) private view returns (uint256) {
        // Placeholder for reward calculation logic
        // Should include factors like amount staked, duration of stake, and any applicable multipliers
        uint256 stakeDuration = block.timestamp - stakingStartTimes[_user];
        uint256 rewardRate = 10; // Define your reward rate
        return userStakes[_user] * stakeDuration * rewardRate / 1e18;
    }
}

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To create an advanced UniAPT Staking System that includes a contract for managing rewards, we'll conceptualize a "Rewards Distribution Contract." This contract acts as the "payroll department" for the staking system, calculating and distributing rewards to stakers based on the amount staked and the duration of the stake. It interfaces with the staking contract to access stake amounts and duration.

Rewards Distribution Contract

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IStakingContract {
    function getUserStakeInfo(address user) external view returns (uint256 amountStaked, uint256 stakeTimestamp);
}

contract RewardsDistribution {
    IStakingContract public stakingContract;
    address public admin;
    uint256 public rewardRatePerYear = 10; // Annual reward rate, represented as a percentage

    event RewardsClaimed(address indexed user, uint256 rewardAmount);

    constructor(address _stakingContractAddress) {
        stakingContract = IStakingContract(_stakingContractAddress);
        admin = msg.sender;
    }

    // Modifier to restrict function calls to the contract's admin
    modifier onlyAdmin() {
        require(msg.sender == admin, "Caller is not the admin");
        _;
    }

    // Function to update the reward rate
    function updateRewardRate(uint256 newRate) external onlyAdmin {
        rewardRatePerYear = newRate;
    }

    // Calculate rewards for a user based on their staked amount and duration
    function calculateReward(address user) public view returns (uint256) {
        (uint256 amountStaked, uint256 stakeTimestamp) = stakingContract.getUserStakeInfo(user);
        require(amountStaked > 0, "No stake found for user");

        uint256 stakingDurationInSeconds = block.timestamp - stakeTimestamp;
        uint256 stakingDurationInYears = stakingDurationInSeconds / 365 days;
        uint256 rewardAmount = amountStaked * rewardRatePerYear / 100 * stakingDurationInYears;
        return rewardAmount;
    }

    // Function for users to claim their rewards
    function claimRewards() external {
        uint256 rewardAmount = calculateReward(msg.sender);
        require(rewardAmount > 0, "No rewards available");
        
        // Transfer rewards to the user (Assuming rewards are in $UAPT tokens)
        // This requires the RewardsDistribution contract to hold or have access to $UAPT tokens.
        // token.transfer(msg.sender, rewardAmount); // Implement token transfer logic
        
        emit RewardsClaimed(msg.sender, rewardAmount);
    }

    // Additional functions such as withdrawing rewards to the contract, and admin functions can be added here.
}

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For the third component of the UniAPT Staking System, we'll design a "Governance Contract." This contract allows stakeholders within the UniAPT ecosystem to participate in decision-making processes, reflecting a decentralized and democratic approach to governance. Stakeholders can propose changes, vote on proposals, and influence the direction and policies of the staking system.

Governance Contract

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IStakingContract {
    function totalStakedFor(address addr) external view returns (uint256);
}

contract Governance {
    IStakingContract public stakingContract;
    address public admin;
    uint256 public minimumQuorum;
    uint256 public debatingPeriodDuration;
    uint256 public nextProposalId;

    struct Proposal {
        uint256 id;
        string description;
        uint256 votesFor;
        uint256 votesAgainst;
        uint256 creationTime;
        bool executed;
        mapping(address => bool) voted;
    }

    mapping(uint256 => Proposal) public proposals;

    event ProposalCreated(uint256 id, string description);
    event VoteCasted(address voter, uint256 proposalId, bool voteFor);
    event ProposalExecuted(uint256 id, bool success);

    constructor(address _stakingContract, uint256 _minimumQuorum, uint256 _debatingPeriodDuration) {
        stakingContract = IStakingContract(_stakingContract);
        admin = msg.sender;
        minimumQuorum = _minimumQuorum;
        debatingPeriodDuration = _debatingPeriodDuration;
        nextProposalId = 1;
    }

    function createProposal(string memory description) external {
        Proposal storage newProposal = proposals[nextProposalId];
        newProposal.id = nextProposalId;
        newProposal.description = description;
        newProposal.creationTime = block.timestamp;
        newProposal.executed = false;

        emit ProposalCreated(nextProposalId, description);
        nextProposalId++;
    }

    function vote(uint256 proposalId, bool voteFor) external {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
        require(block.timestamp < proposal.creationTime + debatingPeriodDuration, "Debating period over");
        require(!proposal.voted[msg.sender], "Already voted");

        uint256 voterStake = stakingContract.totalStakedFor(msg.sender);
        require(voterStake > 0, "No stake to vote with");

        if (voteFor) {
            proposal.votesFor += voterStake;
        } else {
            proposal.votesAgainst += voterStake;
        }

        proposal.voted[msg.sender] = true;
        emit VoteCasted(msg.sender, proposalId, voteFor);
    }

    function executeProposal(uint256 proposalId) external {
        Proposal storage proposal = proposals[proposalId];
        require(block.timestamp >= proposal.creationTime + debatingPeriodDuration, "Debating period not over");
        require(!proposal.executed, "Proposal already executed");
        require(proposal.votesFor + proposal.votesAgainst >= minimumQuorum, "Not enough votes");

        proposal.executed = true;

        // The logic to execute proposal actions based on the proposal's outcome
        // This could involve calling other contracts or executing changes within this contract

        emit ProposalExecuted(proposalId, proposal.votesFor > proposal.votesAgainst);
    }

    // Additional functions such as updating governance parameters or handling emergency situations can be included here.
}

Key Features:

• Proposal Creation: Allows any stakeholder to create proposals for changes or new features within the UniAPT ecosystem.

• Voting Mechanism: Stakeholders can vote on proposals based on their staked amounts, ensuring that those with a vested interest in the platform have a say in its governance.

• Quorum and Debating Period: Establishes a minimum quorum for proposal validity and a set debating period duration to ensure ample time for consideration and voting.

• Proposal Execution: Facilitates the execution of proposals that meet the required criteria, enabling dynamic updates and changes to the UniAPT system based on community consensus.

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The UniAPT Staking System includes a crucial feature that prioritizes the protection of the platform and its users' investments. Known as the "Security Contract," its role is to keep a watchful eye on potential threats, take steps to prevent them, and act swiftly if any risks to the security of the staked assets arise. This proactive approach is key to maintaining trust in the system, as it upholds the integrity and safety of the assets within the ecosystem.

Security Contract

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IStakingContract {
    function emergencyWithdraw(address user) external;
}

contract SecurityGuard {
    address public admin;
    IStakingContract public stakingContract;
    bool public emergencyMode = false;

    event EmergencyModeActivated();
    event EmergencyWithdrawal(address indexed user, uint256 amount);

    modifier onlyAdmin() {
        require(msg.sender == admin, "Only admin can perform this action");
        _;
    }

    constructor(address _stakingContract) {
        stakingContract = IStakingContract(_stakingContract);
        admin = msg.sender;
    }

    // Function to activate emergency mode in case of a detected threat
    function activateEmergencyMode() external onlyAdmin {
        emergencyMode = true;
        emit EmergencyModeActivated();
    }

    // Allows users to withdraw their staked tokens in emergency mode
    function emergencyWithdraw() external {
        require(emergencyMode, "Emergency mode is not active");
        stakingContract.emergencyWithdraw(msg.sender);
        // Log the emergency withdrawal
        emit EmergencyWithdrawal(msg.sender, /* amount withdrawn */);
    }

    // Additional security features such as automated threat detection,
    // integration with external security services, or risk assessment algorithms could be implemented here.
}

Key Features:

• Emergency Mode Activation: Enables the contract administrator (typically the UniAPT team) to activate emergency mode in response to a detected security threat, such as a smart contract vulnerability or external attack.

• Emergency Withdrawal: In emergency mode, this feature allows users to withdraw their staked tokens directly, bypassing the normal unstaking restrictions. This ensures users can secure their assets in the face of potential contract vulnerabilities or other threats.

• Admin-Only Functions: Critical functions, such as activating emergency mode, are restricted to the contract's admin, ensuring that only authorized personnel can execute these high-stakes operations.

Security Considerations:

• Automated Threat Detection: While not explicitly coded in the above example, integrating automated threat detection mechanisms can help preemptively identify and respond to security risks.

• Multi-Signature Admin Control: For added security, transitioning admin functions to a multi-signature wallet can ensure that emergency actions require consensus among multiple trusted parties.

• Regular Security Audits: The SecurityGuard contract, along with the entire staking ecosystem, should undergo regular audits by reputable third-party security firms to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

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